A RAPID METHOD OF QUANTIFYING THE RESOLUTION LIMITS OF HEAT-FLOW ESTIMATES IN BASIN MODELS

Deterministic forward models are commonly used to quantify the processes accompanying basin evolution. Here, we describe a workflow for the rapid calibration of palaeo heat‐flow behaviour. The method determines the heat‐flow history which best matches the observed data, such as vitrinite reflectance, which is used to indicate the thermal maturity of a sedimentary rock. A limiting factor in determining the heat‐flow history is the ability of the algorithm used in the software for the maturity calculation to resolve information inherent in the measured data. Thermal maturation is controlled by the temperature gradient in the basin over time and is therefore greatly affected by maximum burial depth. Calibration, i.e. finding the thermal history model which best fits the observed data (e.g. vitrinite reflectance), can be a time‐consuming exercise. To shorten this process, a simple pseudo‐inverse model is used to convert the complex thermal behaviour obtained from a basin simulator into more simple behaviour, using a relatively simple equation. By comparing the calculated “simple” maturation trend with the observed data points using the suggested workflow, it becomes relatively straightforward to evaluate the range within which a best‐fit model will be found. Reverse mapping from the simple model to the complex behaviour results in precise values for the heat‐flow which can then be applied to the basin model. The goodness‐of‐fit between the modelled and observed data can be represented by the Mean Squared Residual (MSR) during the calibration process. This parameter shows the mean squared difference between all measured data and the respective predicted maturities. A minimum MSR value indicates the “best fit”. Case studies are presented of two wells in the Horn Graben, Danish North Sea. In both wells calibrating the basin model using a constant heat‐flow over time is not justified, and a more complex thermal history must be considered. The pseudo‐inverse method was therefore applied iteratively to investigate more complex heat‐flow histories. Neither in the observed maturity data nor in the recorded stratigraphy was there evidence for erosion which would have influenced the present‐day thermal maturity pattern, and heat‐flow and time were therefore the only variables investigated. The aim was to determine the simplest “best‐fit” heat‐flow history which could be resolved at the maximum resolution given by the measured maturity data. The conclusion was that basin models in which the predicted maturity of sedimentary rocks is calibrated solely against observed vitrinite reflectance data cannot provide information on the timing of anomalies in the heat‐flow history. The pseudo inverse method, however, allowed the simplest heat‐flow history that best fits the observed data to be found.     

“重成分后置倾向”与“V+复合趋向动词”带从句宾语语序分析——以“出来”为例

采用统计分析和抽样调查的方法,从共时平面考察"V+复合趋向动词"带从句①宾语的句法表现,从认知心理的角度探索制约其原因,结果发现:"V+复合趋向动词"带从句宾语时,采用"V+复合趋向动词+从句宾语"格式,是受"重成分后置倾向"制约的结果.     

Horns on diffusion paths in multiphase diffusion couples

The formation of “horns” on diffusion paths in two-phase diffusion couples having a common matrix phase is analyzed by considering the one-dimensional form of the diffusion equation. It is shown that horns occur when flux versus distance profiles have a finite slope at the initial diffusion couple interface. In particular, the equations predict that only single horns will form, even though double horns have been reported in the literature. A model ternary system is used as an example. The model system illustrates that when the effective diffusivity is constant, the diffusion path follows a linear zigzag course and has no horns. Also, the flux profiles are symmetric with a peak at the initial interface. However, when the effective diffusivity is modeled to vary with composition, the peak shifts away from the initial interface and the flux profile has a finite slope at the origin. The result is a diffusion path with a single horn, in agreement with theory.     

Greenway Planning Context in Istanbul-Haliç: A Compulsory Intervention into the Historical Green Corridors of Golden Horn

In the last two decades, planners and landscape architects have been concerned with the open space planning concept called ‘greenway planning’. This approach aims at nature protection that balances both conservation and growth, creating livable environments and maintaining open spaces. In Istanbul, the functional and spatial connectivity of greenways can protect the local landscape against urbanization and population growth problems. This study aimed to emphasize the natural and cultural heritage in an ecologically based planning approach. After taking into consideration the current greenway planning process in Europe and America, a planning strategy was determined for Haliç reflecting all characteristics of Istanbul and possibly representing the first greenway example in the city. Haliç was degraded by industrialization, urbanization, migration and inappropriate land use plans through the ages and existing greenway corridors had disappeared. As a result, current greenway planning strategies were foreseen as a solution to prevent threats to heritage and re-emphasize the lost identity of Haliç. It was emphasized as the starting point of a greenway plan that could be applied for Istanbul in general.     

Comparing parameter schemes for propositional reasoning: An empirical study

Complete propositional reasoning is impractical as a tool in artificial intelligence, because it is computationally intractable. Most current approaches to limited propositional reasoning cannot easily be adjusted to use more (or less) time to prove more (fewer) theorems when the task requires it. This difficulty can be solved byparameterizing the reasoner: designing in a ‘power dial’ giving the user fine control over cost and performance. System designers face the significant problem of choosing the best parameter scheme to use. This paper proposes an empirical methodology for comparing parameter schemes and illustrates its use in comparing eight such schemes for a given complete, resolution-based propositional reasoner. From the data, a clear choice emerges as the most preferable of the eight.     

用于瞬态电磁场测量的宽带脉冲天线

脉冲天线是脉冲雷达、瞬态电磁场测量等应用的关键设备之一。本文描述了用于瞬态电磁场测量的一种宽带脉冲天线的设计，给出了测量结果，测量结果表明，该天线具有高保真和宽频带特性，有有效地发射或接收毫微秒脉冲信号。实际制作的天线已成功地应用于外场瞬态电磁测试系统。     

广义Horn集

本文定义了广义Ｈｏｒｎ集，并在广义Ｈｏｒｎ集上证明了广义输入归结的完备性；广义输入对称调解的完备性；以及一定条件下的广义输入有向调解的完备性．文中还证明了广义调解法的提升引理．     

"Grandfather clause" reopened by the American Board of Examiners in Psychological Hypnosis.

Notes a "grandfather clause" through June 30, 1968 waiving formal written and oral examinations for otherwise qualified candidates seeking certification by the American Board of Examiners in Psychological Hypnosis. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Linear logic as a tool for planning under temporal uncertainty

The typical AI problem is that of making a plan of the actions to be performed by a controller so that it could get into a set of final situations, if it started with a certain initial situation.The plans, and related winning strategies, happen to be finite in the case of a finite number of states and a finite number of instant actions.The situation becomes much more complex when we deal with planning under temporal uncertainty caused by actions with delayed effects.Here we introduce a tree-based formalism to express plans, or winning strategies, in finite state systems in which actions may have quantitatively delayed effects. Since the delays are non-deterministic and continuous, we need an infinite branching to display all possible delays. Nevertheless, under reasonable assumptions, we show that infinite winning strategies which may arise in this context can be captured by finite plans.The above planning problem is specified in logical terms within a Horn fragment of affine logic. Among other things, the advantage of linear logic approach is that we can easily capture ‘preemptive/anticipative’ plans (in which a new action β may be taken at some moment within the running time of an action α being carried out, in order to be prepared before completion of action α).In this paper we propose a comprehensive and adequate logical model of strong planning under temporal uncertainty which addresses infinity concerns. In particular, we establish a direct correspondence between linear logic proofs and plans, or winning strategies, for the actions with quantitative delayed effects.     

论科技英语中定语从句的翻译

本文研究探讨了科技英语中定语从句的一些翻译方法。由于科技英语定语从旬复杂且意义繁多,要准确反映其意义,汉译时不一定都对应地译为汉语定语,可根据情况进行恰当处理。通常采用合译和分译两种方法,通过合译,可将其翻译为汉语定语、谓语或一个简单旬;通过分译,可将其翻译为汉语并列旬和偏正复合句。